Adadin tsarin ajiyar makamashin batir (BESS) don ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikace, gami da ma'aunin amfani da aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba, ya fara girma sosai, bisa ga binciken apricum, hukumar tuntuɓar fasaha mai tsabta.Dangane da alkaluma na baya-bayan nan, ana sa ran tallace-tallace zai karu daga kusan dala biliyan 1 a cikin 2018 zuwa tsakanin dala biliyan 20 da dala biliyan 25 a cikin 2024.
Apricum ya gano manyan direbobi uku don haɓakar Bess: na farko, ingantaccen ci gaba a farashin baturi.Na biyu shine ingantaccen tsarin tsari, duka biyun suna inganta ƙwarewar batura.Na uku, Bess kasuwa ce mai girma da za a iya magance ta.
1. Kudin baturi
Babban abin da ake buƙata don faɗuwar aikace-aikacen Bess shine rage yawan farashi masu alaƙa yayin rayuwar baturi.Ana samun wannan musamman ta hanyar rage yawan kashe kuɗi, inganta aiki ko inganta yanayin kuɗi.

2. kashe kudi
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mafi girman rage farashin fasahar Bess shine baturin lithium-ion, wanda ya ragu daga kusan dalar Amurka 500-600/kwh a shekarar 2012 zuwa dala 300-500/kWh a halin yanzu.Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda rinjayen matsayi na fasaha a cikin aikace-aikacen hannu irin su "3C" masana'antu (kwamfuta, sadarwa, na'urorin lantarki) da motocin lantarki, da kuma sakamakon tattalin arziki na sikelin a masana'antu.A cikin wannan mahallin, Tesla yana shirin ƙara rage farashin batirin lithium-ion ta hanyar samar da 35 GWH / kW "Giga factory" a Nevada.Alevo, wani kamfanin kera batirin makamashin Amurka, ya sanar da irin wannan shiri na canza wata masana'antar taba sigari da aka yi watsi da ita zuwa masana'antar batir na awa 16 gigawatt.
A zamanin yau, yawancin masu fara fasahar ajiyar makamashi sun himmatu wajen yin amfani da wasu hanyoyin na kashe kuɗi kaɗan.Sun fahimci cewa zai zama da wuya a hadu da ƙarfin samar da baturan lithium-ion, kuma kamfanoni kamar EOS, aquion ko ambri suna tsara batir ɗin su don biyan wasu buƙatun farashi daga farkon.Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da ɗimbin arha albarkatun ƙasa da fasaha masu sarrafa kai sosai don lantarki, proton musayar membranes da electrolytes, da fitar da abubuwan da suke samarwa ga ƴan kwangilar masana'anta na duniya kamar Foxconn.A sakamakon haka, EOS ya ce farashin tsarin tsarin megawatt ɗin sa shine kawai $ 160 / kWh.
Bugu da kari, sabbin sayayya na iya taimakawa rage farashin saka hannun jari na Bess.Alal misali, Bosch, BMW da Sweden mai amfani Vattenfall suna girka 2MW/2mwh kafaffen tsarin ajiyar makamashi dangane da baturan lithium-ion da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin BMW I3 da ActiveE.
3. aiki
Ana iya inganta sigogin aikin baturi ta hanyar ƙoƙarin masana'anta da masu aiki don rage farashin tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi (BESS).Rayuwar baturi (zagayowar rayuwa da rayuwar zagayowar) a fili yana da babban tasiri akan tattalin arzikin baturi.A matakin masana'antu, ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan da suka shafi mallaka zuwa sinadarai masu aiki da haɓaka aikin samarwa don samun ƙarin daidaituwa da daidaiton ingancin baturi, za a iya tsawaita rayuwar aiki.
Babu shakka, ya kamata baturi ya yi aiki da kyau koyaushe a cikin kewayon da aka ƙera, misali, lokacin da ya zo zurfin fitarwa (DoD).Za a iya tsawaita rayuwar zagayowar ta hanyar iyakance yiwuwar zurfin fitarwa (DoD) a cikin aikace-aikacen ko ta amfani da tsarin tare da mafi girman ƙarfin da ake buƙata.Cikakkun sani na mafi kyawun iyakokin aiki da aka samu ta tsauraran gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma samun tsarin sarrafa baturi mai dacewa (BMS) babban fa'ida ne.Babban hasara na zagayowar tafiya ya samo asali ne saboda ƙwanƙwasawa a cikin sinadarai na sel.Canjin da ya dace ko ƙimar fitarwa da zurfin fitarwa mai kyau (DoD) suna taimakawa don kiyaye babban inganci.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin lantarki da abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin baturi (sanyi, dumama ko tsarin sarrafa baturi) ke cinyewa yana rinjayar ingancin aiki kuma ya kamata a kiyaye shi zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta.Misali, ta hanyar ƙara abubuwa na inji zuwa batirin gubar-acid don hana samuwar dendrite, za a iya rage lalacewar ƙarfin baturi akan lokaci.

4. Sharuɗɗan kuɗi
Kasuwancin banki na ayyukan Bess sau da yawa yana shafar ƙayyadaddun rikodin aiki da rashin ƙwarewar cibiyoyin ba da kuɗi a cikin ayyuka, kulawa da tsarin kasuwanci na ajiyar makamashin baturi.

Masu samarwa da masu haɓaka ayyukan tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi (BESS) yakamata suyi ƙoƙarin haɓaka yanayin saka hannun jari, misali, ta hanyar daidaitaccen ƙoƙarin garanti ko ta aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin gwajin baturi.

Gabaɗaya, tare da raguwar kashe kuɗin jari da karuwar adadin batura da aka ambata a sama, kwarin gwiwar masu zuba jari zai ƙaru kuma farashin kuɗin kuɗin su zai ragu.

5. Tsarin tsari
Tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi wanda wemag/yonicos ya tura
Kamar duk sabbin fasahohin da ke shiga kasuwannin balagagge, tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi (BESS) ya dogara zuwa wani lokaci akan ingantaccen tsarin tsari.Aƙalla wannan yana nufin babu wani shingen shiga kasuwa don tsarin adana makamashin baturi (BESS).Da kyau, sassan gwamnati za su ga ƙimar tsayayyen tsarin ajiya kuma za su motsa aikace-aikacen su daidai.
Misali na kawar da tasirin shingen aikace-aikacen sa shine odar Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Tarayya (FERC) Order 755, wanda ke buƙatar isos3 da rtos4 don samar da sauri, mafi daidaito kuma mafi girman biyan kuɗi don albarkatun mw-miliee55.Kamar yadda PJM, ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa, ya canza kasuwar wutar lantarki a cikin watan Oktoba 2012, ma'aunin ajiyar makamashi yana ƙaruwa.Sakamakon haka, kashi biyu bisa uku na na'urorin ajiyar makamashi mai karfin MW 62 da aka tura a Amurka a shekarar 2014, kayayyakin ajiyar makamashi ne na PJM.A Jamus, masu amfani da mazaunin da suka sayi tsarin makamashin hasken rana da na'urorin ajiyar makamashi na iya samun rancen ruwa kaɗan daga KfW, bankin raya ƙasa mallakin gwamnatin Jamus, kuma su sami ragi na kashi 30% akan farashin sayan.Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan ya haifar da shigar da tsarin ajiyar makamashi kusan 12000, amma ya kamata a lura cewa an gina wasu 13000 a wajen shirin.A cikin 2013, Hukumar Kula da Kamfanoni ta California (CPUC) ta buƙaci sashen masu amfani dole ne su sayi 1.325gw na ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi nan da shekarar 2020. Shirin sayan na nufin nuna yadda batura za su sabunta grid da taimakawa haɗa hasken rana da makamashin iska.

Misalan da ke sama su ne manyan abubuwan da suka tayar da hankali sosai a fannin ajiyar makamashi.Koyaya, ƙananan canje-canjen da ba a lura da su ba a cikin ƙa'idodin na iya yin tasiri mai ƙarfi akan aiwatar da yanki na tsarin adana makamashin baturi (BESS).Misalai masu yiwuwa sun haɗa da:

Ta hanyar rage ƙananan buƙatun iya aiki na manyan kasuwannin ajiyar makamashi na Jamus, za a ba da izinin tsarin ajiyar makamashin zama don shiga a matsayin masana'antar wutar lantarki, ƙara ƙarfafa yanayin kasuwanci na Bess.
Babban jigon shirin sake fasalin makamashi na uku na EU, wanda ya fara aiki a shekara ta 2009, shine rabuwar samar da wutar lantarki da kasuwancin tallace-tallace daga hanyar sadarwarsa.A wannan yanayin, saboda wasu rashin tabbas na shari'a, yanayin da za a ba da izinin ma'aikacin tsarin watsawa (TSO) ya yi aiki da tsarin ajiyar makamashi bai cika bayyana ba.Haɓaka dokoki zai kafa harsashi ga faffadan aikace-aikacen tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi (BESS) a cikin tallafin grid na wutar lantarki.
Maganin wutar lantarki na AEG don kasuwar sabis ɗin da za a iya magancewa
Musamman yanayin kasuwar wutar lantarki ta duniya yana haifar da karuwar bukatar ayyuka.A ƙa'ida, ana iya ɗaukar sabis na Bess.Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa sune kamar haka:
Saboda canjin makamashi mai sabuntawa da haɓakar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a lokacin bala'o'i, buƙatar sassauci a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki yana karuwa.Anan, ayyukan ajiyar makamashi na iya ba da sabis na taimako kamar mitoci da sarrafa wutar lantarki, rage cunkoson grid, ƙara ƙarfin sabuntawa da fara baƙar fata.

Fadadawa da aiwatar da tsarawa da watsawa da rarraba kayan aikin saboda tsufa ko rashin isasshen ƙarfi, da kuma ƙara yawan wutar lantarki a yankunan karkara.A wannan yanayin, ana iya amfani da tsarin ajiyar makamashin batir (BESS) azaman madadin jinkirtawa ko gujewa saka hannun jari don daidaita keɓantaccen grid ko inganta ingancin injinan dizal a cikin tsarin kashe wutar lantarki.
Masana'antu, kasuwanci da masu amfani da ƙarshen zama suna kokawa don jure wa ƙarin cajin wutar lantarki, musamman saboda canjin farashi da farashin buƙatu.Ga masu samar da wutar lantarki na wurin zama (mai yiwuwa), rage farashin grid zai shafi yuwuwar tattalin arziki.Bugu da ƙari, samar da wutar lantarki sau da yawa ba a dogara da shi ba kuma maras kyau.Batura masu tsayayye na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfani da kai, yin “kololuwa clipping” da “canzawa kololuwa” yayin samar da wutar lantarki mara katsewa (UPS).
Babu shakka, don biyan wannan buƙatar, akwai zaɓuɓɓukan adana makamashi na gargajiya iri-iri.Ko batura sun zama mafi kyawun zaɓi dole ne a yi la'akari da su ta kowane hali kuma suna iya bambanta sosai daga yanki zuwa yanki.Misali, ko da yake akwai wasu shari'o'in kasuwanci masu inganci a Ostiraliya da Texas, waɗannan lamuran suna buƙatar shawo kan matsalar watsawar nesa.Matsakaicin tsayin kebul na matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki a Jamus bai wuce kilomita 10 ba, wanda ke sanya grid ɗin wutar lantarki na gargajiya ya zama madadin farashi mai sauƙi a mafi yawan lokuta.
Gabaɗaya, tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi (BESS) bai isa ba.Don haka, ya kamata a haɗa ayyuka cikin “mafi girman fa'ida” don rage farashi da ramawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.Farawa da aikace-aikacen tare da mafi girman tushen kudaden shiga, ya kamata mu fara amfani da damar da za mu iya amfani da ita don ƙwace damar kan yanar gizo da guje wa shingen tsari kamar samar da wutar lantarki ta UPS.Ga kowane ƙarfin da ya rage, ana iya la'akari da sabis ɗin da aka bayar zuwa grid (kamar ƙa'idar mita).Babu shakka cewa ƙarin ayyuka ba zai iya hana ci gaban manyan ayyuka ba.

Tasiri kan mahalarta kasuwar ajiyar makamashi.
Ingantawa a cikin waɗannan direbobin zai haifar da sabbin damar kasuwanci da haɓakar kasuwa na gaba.Koyaya, ci gaba mara kyau bi da bi zai haifar da gazawa ko ma asarar yuwuwar tattalin arzikin tsarin kasuwanci.Misali, saboda karancin wasu albarkatun kasa da ba zato ba tsammani, rage farashin da ake sa ran ba zai yiwu ba, ko kuma sayar da sabbin fasahohi ba za a iya aiwatar da shi yadda ake sa ran ba.Canje-canje a cikin ƙa'idodi na iya samar da tsarin da Bess ba zai iya shiga ba.Bugu da kari, ci gaban masana'antu na kusa na iya haifar da ƙarin gasa don Bess, kamar sarrafa mitar makamashi mai sabuntawa da ake amfani da su: a wasu kasuwanni (misali Ireland), ƙa'idodin grid sun riga sun buƙaci filayen iska a matsayin babban tanadin wutar lantarki.

Don haka, kamfanoni dole ne su mai da hankali sosai ga junansu, yin tsinkaya da tasiri mai tasiri kan farashin batir, tsarin tsari da kuma samun nasarar shiga cikin buƙatun kasuwannin duniya na ƙayyadaddun ajiyar kuzarin batir..