Samun tsaka tsaki na carbon manufa ce ta gaggawa ta duniya, amma babu wata hanya ta 'daidai-daidai-duk' don manyan ƙasashe masu fitar da hayaƙi don cimma wannan manufa1,2 .Yawancin kasashen da suka ci gaba, irin su Amurka da na Turai, suna bin dabarun gyaran mota da aka mayar da hankali musamman kan manyan jiragen ruwa masu amfani da hasken wuta (LDV), samar da wutar lantarki, masana'antu da gine-gine na kasuwanci da na zama, sassa hudu da ke hade da juna. mafi yawan iskar carbon da suke fitarwa3,4 .Manyan masu fitar da hayaki na kasashe masu tasowa, irin su kasar Sin, sabanin haka, suna da mabanbanta tattalin arziki da tsarin makamashi, suna bukatar fifiko daban-daban na rage yawan iskar gas ba wai kawai a fannoni daban daban ba, har ma a cikin dabarun tura fasahohin da ba za a iya amfani da su ba.

Mahimmin bambance-bambancen bayanan iskar carbon na kasar Sin idan aka kwatanta da na tattalin arzikin yammacin duniya shine mafi girman hannun jarin hayaki ga masana'antu masu nauyi da ƙananan ɓangarorin LDVs da amfani da makamashi a cikin gine-gine (Fig. 1).Kasar Sin ita ce ta farko a duniya, a fannin samar da siminti, karafa da karafa, da sinadarai da kayayyakin gini, da yin amfani da kwal mai dimbin yawa domin zafin masana'antu da samar da Coke.Masana'antu masu nauyi suna ba da gudummawar kashi 31% na jimillar hayakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa a halin yanzu, kaso 8% sama da matsakaicin duniya (23%), kashi 17% fiye da na Amurka (14%) da 13% sama da na Tarayyar Turai. (18%) (tafi.5).

Kasar Sin ta yi alkawarin kara yawan iskar Carbon da take fitarwa kafin shekarar 2030, sannan ta cimma matsaya game da yanayin da ake ciki kafin shekarar 2060. Wadannan alkawuran sauyin yanayi sun samu yabo sosai, amma kuma sun tada ayar tambaya game da fa'idarsu6 , a wani bangare na rawar da 'hard-to-abate' (HTA) ke takawa. tafiyar matakai a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin.Wadannan hanyoyin musamman sun haɗa da amfani da makamashi a cikin masana'antu masu nauyi da jigilar kaya masu nauyi waɗanda za su kasance da wuya a iya ba da wutar lantarki (kuma don haka don canzawa kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa) da kuma tsarin masana'antu a yanzu sun dogara da burbushin man fetur don kayan abinci na sinadarai. An sami 'yan binciken kwanan nan1- 3 binciken hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki zuwa ga rashin daidaituwar carbon don tsarin tsarin makamashi na kasar Sin baki daya amma tare da takaitaccen nazari kan sassan HTA.A cikin ƙasashen duniya, yuwuwar hanyoyin warware matsalar sassan HTA sun fara jawo hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan7-14.Rarraba sassan HTA yana da ƙalubale saboda suna da wuyar wutar lantarki da/ko farashi yadda ya kamata7,8.Åhman ya jaddada cewa dogaro da hanya ita ce babbar matsala ga sassan HTA kuma ana buƙatar hangen nesa da tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci don fasahohin ci gaba don 'buɗe' sassan HTA, musamman ma manyan masana'antu, daga dogaro da burbushin halittu9.Nazarin sun binciko sababbin kayan aiki da hanyoyin magance matsalolin da suka shafi kama carbon, amfani da / ko ajiya (CCUS) da fasahohin da ba su da kyau (NETs) 10,11. na akalla binciken daya ya yarda cewa ya kamata a yi la'akari da su a cikin dogon lokaci mai tsawo11.A cikin rahoton kimantawa na shida da aka fitar kwanan nan na kwamitin tsakanin gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi, an gane amfani da hydrogen na 'ƙananan hayaki' a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin warware matsalar ga ƙungiyoyi da yawa don cimma burin fitar da sifili na gaba12.

Littattafan da ke wanzu akan hydrogen mai tsafta sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan zaɓuɓɓukan fasaha na samarwa tare da nazarin farashi-gefen wadata15.('Tsaftace' hydrogen a cikin wannan takarda ya ƙunshi duka 'kore' da 'blue' hydrogen, tsohon samar da ruwa electrolysis ta amfani da sabunta iko, na karshen samo asali daga burbushin man fetur amma decarbonized tare da CCUS.) Tattaunawa game da bukatar hydrogen an mayar da hankali sosai a kan. fannin sufuri a kasashen da suka ci gaba—motocin man fetur na hydrogen musamman16,17.Matsin lamba don ƙaddamar da masana'antu masu nauyi ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da na tashar tashar jirgin ruwa, yana nuna tunanin al'ada cewa masana'antu masu nauyi za su yi.
zama da wahala musamman a ragewa har sai sabbin sabbin fasahohin fasaha sun bayyana.Nazarin hydrogen mai tsabta (musamman kore) ya nuna balagaggen fasaha da raguwar farashi17, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin nazarin da ke mai da hankali kan girman yuwuwar kasuwanni da buƙatun fasaha na masana'antu don cin gajiyar haɓakar haɓakar iskar hydrogen mai tsafta16.Fahimtar yuwuwar iskar hydrogen mai tsafta don ciyar da tsaka tsakin carbon na duniya zai kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai idan an iyakance bincike akan farashin abin da ake samarwa, amfani da shi ta fannonin da aka fi so kawai da aikace-aikacensa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. akasari akan zaɓuɓɓukan fasaha na samarwa tare da nazarin farashin kayan aiki15.('Tsaftace' hydrogen a cikin wannan takarda ya ƙunshi duka 'kore' da 'blue' hydrogen, tsohon samar da ruwa electrolysis ta amfani da sabunta iko, na karshen samo asali daga burbushin man fetur amma decarbonized tare da CCUS.) Tattaunawa game da bukatar hydrogen an mayar da hankali sosai a kan. fannin sufuri a kasashen da suka ci gaba—motocin man fetur na hydrogen musamman16,17.Matsin lamba don ƙaddamar da manyan masana'antu ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da na tashar tashar jirgin ruwa, yana nuna tunanin al'ada cewa masana'antu masu nauyi za su kasance da wahala musamman don ragewa har sai sabbin fasahohin fasaha sun bayyana.Nazarin hydrogen mai tsabta (musamman kore) ya nuna balagaggen fasaha da raguwar farashi17, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin nazarin da ke mai da hankali kan girman yuwuwar kasuwanni da buƙatun fasaha na masana'antu don cin gajiyar haɓakar haɓakar iskar hydrogen mai tsafta16.Fahimtar yuwuwar tsaftataccen hydrogen don ciyar da tsaka tsakin carbon na duniya zai kasance mai ban sha'awa idan an iyakance bincike akan farashin samar da shi, amfani da shi ta wasu fannoni da aka fi so kawai da aikace-aikacensa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa.

Yin la'akari da damar samun hydrogen mai tsafta ya dogara da sake nazarin abubuwan da ake buƙata a matsayin madadin man fetur da abinci mai sinadari a cikin dukkan tsarin makamashi da tattalin arzikin ƙasa, gami da la'akari da yanayi daban-daban na ƙasa.Babu irin wannan cikakken bincike har ya zuwa yau kan rawar da hydrogen mai tsafta a cikin makomar sifiri na kasar Sin.Cike wannan gibin bincike zai taimaka wajen zana taswirorin da ya dace don rage hayakin CO2 na kasar Sin, da ba da damar tantance yuwuwar alkawurran da ta dauka na 2030 da 2060, da ba da jagoranci ga sauran kasashe masu tasowa masu tasowa masu manyan masana'antu.